Umkhawulo Wokuqhuma Kwegesi Evuthayo

Ezimweni zokuhlola ezijwayelekile, umkhawulo wokuhlushwa lapho igesi evuthayo noma umhwamuko oxutshwe negesi oxidizing uholela ekuqhumeni ubizwa ngokuthi umkhawulo wokuqhuma.. Ngokujwayelekile, igama elithi 'umkhawulo wokuqhuma’ isho imikhawulo yokugxilisana yamagesi avuthayo noma izihwamuko ezisemoyeni. Ukuhlushwa okuphansi kwegesi evuthayo engabangela ukuqhuma kwaziwa ngokuthi umkhawulo ophansi wokuqhuma. (LEL), kanye nokugxila okuphezulu kakhulu njengomkhawulo wokuqhuma ongaphezulu (UEL).

Uma amagesi avuthayo noma umhwamuko owuketshezi ungaphakathi kwemikhawulo yokuqhuma futhi uhlangana nomthombo wokushisa (njengelangabi elivulekile noma eliphezulu izinga lokushisa), ilangabi lisakazeka ngokushesha ngegesi noma indawo yothuli. Lokhu kusabela kwamakhemikhali okusheshayo kukhipha inani elibalulekile lokushisa, ukukhiqiza amagesi andayo ngenxa yokushisa, ukudala amazinga okushisa aphezulu nezingcindezi ezinamandla amakhulu okulimaza.

Imikhawulo yokuqhuma iyimingcele eyinhloko ekuchazeni izingozi ze ezivuthayo amagesi, umhwamuko, nothuli oluvuthayo. Ngokuvamile, imikhawulo yokuqhuma kwamagesi avuthayo nomhwamuko ivezwa njengephesenti legesi noma umhwamuko kungxube.

Ngokwesibonelo, ku-20°C, ifomula yokuguqulwa yengxenye ye-volumetric kanye nokugxilwa kwesisindo segesi evuthayo:

Y = (L/100) × (1000M/22.4) × (273/(273+20)) = L × (M/2.4)

Kule fomula, L iyingxenyana yevolumu (%), U-Y yi-mass concentration (g/m³), I-M iyisisindo samangqamuzana esihlobene igesi evuthayo noma umhwamuko, futhi 22.4 ivolumu (amalitha) idliwe yi 1 i-mol yento esesimweni segesi ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile (0°C, 1 i-atm).

Ngokwesibonelo, uma igesi ye-methane emkhathini ikhona 10%, iguqulela ku:

Y = L × (M/2.4) = 10 × (16/2.4) = 66.67g/m³

Umqondo wemikhawulo yokuqhuma kwamagesi avuthayo, umhwamuko, futhi uthuli lungachazwa ngombono wokuqhuma okushisayo. Uma ukuhlushwa kwegesi elivuthayo, umhwamuko, noma uthuli lungaphansi kwe-LEL, ngenxa yomoya oweqile, ukupholisa umoya, kanye nokugxila okunganele kokuvutha, uhlelo lulahlekelwa ukushisa okungaphezu kwalokho elikuzuzayo, futhi ukusabela akuqhubeki. Ngokufanayo, uma ukugxila kungaphezu kwe-UEL, ukushisa okukhiqizwa kuncane kunokushisa okulahlekile, ukuvimbela ukusabela. Ukwengeza, igesi evuthayo ngokweqile noma uthuli alugcini nje ngokuhluleka ukusabela futhi lukhiqize ukushisa ngenxa yokuntuleka umoya-mpilo kodwa futhi ipholisa ingxube, ukuvimbela ukubhebhetheka kwelangabi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezithile ezifana i-ethylene i-oxide, i-nitroglycerin, nothuli oluvuthayo njengesibhamu, i-UEL ingafinyelela 100%. Lezi zinto zinikeza umoya-mpilo wazo ngesikhathi sokubola, ukuvumela ukusabela ukuthi kuqhubeke. Ukwenyuka kwengcindezi nezinga lokushisa kwenza kube lula ukubola nokuqhuma kwazo.